Software Development: In-House vs Outsourcing [COMPARISON]

Introduction

Unbelievable, another software house is writing an article to compare hiring in-house developers and outsourcing.

But before you click that close button – wait a second.

Yes, you’re right:

• there is an obvious conflict of interest
• tens of companies have covered that topic (and it’s always terrible)
• my first draft was equally terrible

That’s why I decided to take a different path.

Follow the rule of data, forget assumptions, and wishful thinking. Give honest, brutal truth, provide evidence, and real-life examples.

After all, if you decide for hiring in-house, we wouldn’t be a good fit anyway. This article just saves us both time and money.

It took me 10 hours to write, and it’s based on 6 industry reports, 3 whitepapers, 3 pieces of research (links at the bottom and in the article) lots of statistics, and my own experience of working with 60+ companies of different compositions in the last 10 years.

Hope you’ll learn something from it.

The dilemma

So, how to approach the decision-making process?

At the very broad level there are three paths you can take:

1. Hire and grow your in-house development team
2. Outsource the whole process to a software development company
3. Do the mix of both (to speed up your project or add something new to the product)

The decision depends on your project, location, goals. 

Sometimes building an in-house team will be a better option for you – we’re ok with that and we won’t try to convince you that it’s different. On the other hand, in some cases outsourcing allows you to solve a bunch of problems.

It all comes up to analyzing 8 aspects.

I will present various points of view here. At the end of each passage, you will find consideration points and the overall winner. Take some time to analyze each aspect and refer it to your project. 

Let’s begin.

1. Recruitment

Recruitment time

Many articles analysing the viability of hiring and outsourcing point to the fact that the process of hiring a new developer is long-lasting and fairly expensive.

Considering that true, will it ever be profitable to hire a new employee?

The devil lies in the details. First, let’s look at the data:

• Indeed, based on a study from DevSkiller, it takes around 43 days to fill a position (in general, data from the U.S.).
• Similar data was brought by the Sparks Group, (U.S., 2018). They point out that it takes on average 51 days to fill the position in the IT field – there are 24 qualified candidates and 15 interviews needed for each hire.
• Also, according to the Society for Human Resource Management (2016), the global average time to fill any position is 42 days. What is more, to fill an engineering role the average is 59 days.
• The research presented by Statista in March 2019, presents similar data: to fill the position in the IT industry we need about 42 days, globally.

What about Europe? Workable compares the average time to fill various positions in the US, UK, rest of Europe, and the rest of the world:

Well, the data differs depending on the research. However, you can assume that the hiring process will take at least a month, and probably even around 2.

But, remember about the period of notice. It often takes 3 months before developers leave their previous companies (although this period varies depending on a region and a developer’s contract).

Why does it take so long to find a good employee? The “2019 State of the Workplace” report mentions top reasons organizations struggle to hire perfect candidates:

Costs of recruiting a new employee

According to the previously mentioned Glassdoor analysis, the average company in the United States spends about $4,000 to hire a new employee. According to the Human Capital Benchmarking Report, the average cost-per-hire in the United States is $4,129.

Recruitment costs can be related to:

• external/internal HR team (interview expenses, recruiting),
• job board fees’
• the cost of training and onboarding.

According to the State of Software Development 2020 report, hiring talents is the 2nd biggest challenge managers face. The lack of workforce is an industry-wide issue for a few years. 

Outsourcing perspective

How long does it take to find an outsourcing provider? There’s no simple answer to this question. 

Most often, companies research for a few best candidates. The selection stage can include at least a few calls with the best ones. If you’re highly motivated, it can take a week. Most often it takes a few. After all, the decision is crucial.

Also, while looking for an outsourcing provider the main resource you use is time. Hours spent on research and meetings are your price. There are no costs connected to workplace integration or training. 

Although, you have to consider the cost of knowledge transfer.

When external developers join your team, you also need to spend some time on knowledge transfer before they start to work effectively (the cost of transition is around 2-3% of the overall cost of the project). Of course, this factor applies also to hiring.

In general, outsourcing means a quicker start and less money spent before you kick off the project. 

What to consider:

• How long will the project last?
• For how long will you need the development team?
• Will your demand change with time?
• How quickly do you want to start?

2. In-house vs outsourcing: costs comparison

Let’s dive into the most contentious topic, shall we?

Salary range

The salary you need to pay to your developers depends on your location, industry, project you want them for, and of course – their experience.

Let’s look at some data.

Annual salaries of IT experts in the United States, according to Glassdoor, in 2020 shape as follows:

In the case of European developers, the average annual salaries (2019, Glassdoor) look like this:

What is more, there are employee-related costs you need to remember:

• employee training
• taxes
• insurance
• benefits
• rent
• hardware
• software licenses
• equipment, furniture, office supplies
• non-billable hours (organization, meetings, training, business trips, team integration events) 

Based on research from Joe Hadzima, a senior lecturer from MIT, the true cost of a new in-house developer could be 2.7x the base salary because of employment taxes, benefits, office space, and equipment needed (data from the United States).

Outsourcing costs

In outsourcing, you clearly know your total cost upfront. The hourly rate of a single developer varies from region to region.

So what is this true, total costs? 

Toptal made a tool to calculate the true cost of an in-house employee and an outsourced one.

Based on their research, while the hourly rate for an internal employee per hour will double if you add up all the costs, the total cost of an hour of work of an outsourced developer will increase by about 20% of his base salary.

Existek presents the in-house vs outsourcing cost comparison like that:

However, the forgotten cost of outsourcing is connected to creating the contract (checking or co-creating a contract with an expert). You also have to pay the cost of server management.

What to consider:

• For how long do you want to hire an in-house team?
• Is this development project the core activity of your business?

3. The talent pool

Finding specialists locally might be a challenge, especially when you don’t know the technology yourself, and thus have little to no idea how to verify their expertise. What is more, your location may come up crucial in that case.

Take a look at the map below. Did you notice how the number of developers varies from country to country?

Outsourcing becomes handy especially for locations:

• with a small number of developers, 
• where big companies offering competitive conditions operate, 
• and where developer’s wages are generally high.

In the case of outsourcing, when you need new competencies, you simply contract them for the desired scope or period. If a single agency doesn’t offer all of the skills you require, you can pick and choose people from various companies to build one team.

What to consider:

• What’s your location and what are the chances you’ll find experienced talents to hire here? 
• What are the average rates in your location?
• Are the technologies you want to use popular in your location or are there any niches?

4. Flexibility & speed

It can be difficult to start a new project quickly, while your in-house team is scheduled for a few months in advance.

What’s more, the flexibility of an in-house team is also limited.

You need time to hire and onboard people in order to increase the size of the team. And when the number of people becomes too high for a specific set of tasks, it would be wise to reduce it. But, as we all know it, downscaling an in-house team is painful, as you’re forced to dismiss your co-workers.

In comparison, once you decide to start development and find an outsourcing agency, you simply contract them, and later can upscale and downscale the number of outsourced people. You can change that flexibly as if you were using an on-demand service.

Of course, it may take a while (sometimes you can make a change right away, other times it will take a few weeks), but it’s typically a faster and cheaper solution.

That’s the undoubtful advantage of outsourcing over hiring – when time is precious and you want to start fast, hiring will slow you down.

Also, developers often don’t join companies for short-term and unstable projects very eagerly.

What to consider:

• How fast do you want to start?
• Will you have any free resources or will you need to hire an entirely new team?
• Will your demand change in the nearest future?

5. Communication

Let’s look for the most frictionless solution and find out which option promotes productivity.

Great language and culture fit

Hiring people locally means they will most likely communicate in your native language and have a similar culture. When you outsource (depending on where you outsource to), you’re more likely to cooperate with people who don’t speak your native language and have different customs.

If English is your native language, or you feel completely comfortable speaking it, you’re lucky. Most reputable providers are fluent in English and you won’t find it problematic. However, their culture may be far different from yours.

Tips if you’d like to outsource:

• Communication is the key to success. Friction may cause unexpected problems.
• If you’re looking for an outsourcing partner, check their English fluency.
• Cultural differences may result in misunderstandings. It may be better to choose an outsourcing provider from a not-so-distant, culturally-similar location.

Also, in terms of internal culture, hiring allows you to find people who fit your company’s culture. With outsourcing, it should be the same. Note, that companies differ in terms of culture: shared values, goals, attitude, and best practices.

Remember about that while looking for your perfect match.  

What to consider:

• Are you comfortable while communicating in English?
• Would it be a problem for you to communicate only in that language?
• How unique is your culture?
• Do you spot any major differences between particular countries and yours?

Prone to de-focusing

One of the main reasons companies stick to in-house development is the fear of communicating with and managing remote teams.

How is communication different when we talk about in-house vs outsourcing?

Talking face-to-face is always easier and smoother. When your developers are in the office, you can talk to them at any time. It’s easy to micromanage if you want.

However, this form of communication is more prone to off-topic chit-chat. It can be de-focusing, might distract people, make them less productive. On the other hand, it’s easier to build relations between colleagues, as well as between you and the team.

When working with an outsourced team, you typically communicate online. Online communication, in general, generates more issues. Although, the coronavirus crisis forced almost every one of us to learn how to cooperate remotely. In most cases, it comes down to proper tools and discipline.

There are plenty of online communicators on the market and everyone can pick the solution they find most fitting. But it’s still harder to build natural, personal relationships between team members.

On the other hand, the advantage of talking online is increased productivity. Coworkers communicating online in most cases won’t call each other specifically to talk about things unrelated to their work.

Although your outsourced development team will most likely work in their office, so the problems with defocusing will be applicable to them, too.

Again, it all comes down to the quality of the team and the level of their engagement.

What to consider:

• Are face-to-face interactions essential to you?
• How do you feel about remote cooperation and online communication?
• Would you like to micromanage the team?
• What’s more important for you: maximizing productivity or keeping close, friendly relations within the team?

6. Process management

By that, I understand team management and workflow organization.

You are the caretaker

When you hire people in-house, your responsibilities don’t end at hiring. You need to:

• onboard them,
• train them,
• introduce them to the company’s values and culture,
• define their responsibilities,
• answer their needs,
• keep them happy and occupied.

You’re the manager and they look up to you.

However, this effort comes with a reward. If you take care of your team well, it will be loyal and will treat your project as its own, and do what it can to help it succeed.

When you outsource, the external team becomes your partner, it’s their job to get on board quickly. Their responsibilities were defined upfront, their direct employers keep them happy and their needs satisfied. And it’s their task to help you, so in most cases, they will self-organize and be proactive. Holding their hands every step of the way won’t be necessary.

It’s less likely that outsourced developers will treat your project as their own, and get as involved as in-house employees. Although it depends on the potential partner and your relation.

What to consider:

• Employees require more attention and management from you. You need time and resources for that.
• Finding a trustworthy, reliable, and engaged outsourcing partner is possible but it will require time and effort.

Time zones can bite

Working from one place/time zone has surefire advantages. Your employees are available at the same time as you. They get up, start work, drink coffee, eat lunch, and finish their work at hours similar to yours.

In the case of outsourcing, it depends. You can work with a foreign company and still operate in similar hours, but you can also deal with a 10-hour time difference and operate completely unsynchronised.

Does that mean you’re destined to fail?

Of course not. It’s your software provider’s job to run procedures that will ease cooperation. What’s important to note is that you don’t need to communicate all the time to get great results.

Remember that not all companies have the same approach, and working with some might be problematic. 

What to consider:

• Would it be ok for you to cooperate in different time zones? The work may be done while you sleep, but you won’t get answers immediately.
• Are you able to set it all up with the company from a different time zone?

7. Security

Let’s talk about security for a moment.

When hiring employees, most companies sign contracts and agreements to stop people from giving sensitive information away. They usually include annotations about high financial penalties.

The procedure is pretty similar when starting cooperation with an outsourcing company. Usually, the scope of the agreement is wider and penalties even higher.

What about being deceived or scammed?

Both individuals and companies can be dishonest about their skills and experience. Triple checking your potential employee or partner will protect you from that.

What about stealing intellectual property or money?

It’s easier to get away with this kind of fraud when you’re just one individual. Companies can’t disappear as easily, have the well-being of dozens of people at stake, and are usually easier to hold accountable.

What to consider:

• There’s no perfect solution here. You need to protect yourself in both cases.
• Objectively the risk is similar.

8. Business focus

I hesitated to include this part earlier in the article, as it may not be relevant for everyone. However, if software development isn’t a part of your core business, read on.

So here’s the first thing you should consider when thinking about hiring developers in-house:

Will your business benefit from building an in-house team?

If building software isn’t a core of your business, it might become an unnecessary burden.

Building a software development department in your company is like building a company inside a company. It’s arduous and time-consuming and might distract you from what’s really important in your company.

Always consider the potential gains and losses.

And the winner is…

There’s no black-and-white answer to this, as I said in the beginning. 

In-house development teams may have a full and exact understanding of your project, values, and culture, but may also lack specific skills in unexpected situations. It may be harder to find talents and start the project quickly.

Meanwhile, a software agency you outsource to may work in a different time zone and speak a different language. You will communicate with them remotely.

However, they will provide valuable expertise in addressing current needs, be more flexible and cost-effective. You will get access to experienced talents even in niche technologies and start the project quickly.

What’s my advice?

Summary table

Sources:

• “Global Software Development Rates 2020” by Existek
• “2020 Guide to Global Outsourcing Rates” by Accelerance
• “Software Development Trends 2020: Latest Research and Data” by CodingSans
• “2016 Human Capital Benchmarking Report” by SHRM
• “2019 State of the Workplace” by SHRM
• “The New Talent Landscape: Recruiting Difficulty and Skills Shortages” by SHRM
• “The Real Cost of Outsourcing” by OSF Global Services
• “Digital Transformation Is the Goal, It Outsourcing Is a Strategic Means” by REALDOLMEN
• “The Ultimate Guide to Hiring Software Developers” by STX Next